American & Canadian Struggle

According to the articles written by both Comaroffs’ and McCready, they speculate a number of comparisons between the American and Canadian cases on the Indian act during the Neoliberal capitalism. A number of protests have been observed from the Indians in both the two countries which are America and Canada, who were seen to be indigenous people.

A comparison is seen specifically when the protests proceeded to a number of social movements in the United States but not observed in Canada. There was a different version of factors which included the need to have strong leadership which would guide and represent in the social movements, strong and well developed networks of politics which would have a number of representatives of their rights and the last factor was to have a well-developed and effective national identification of the Indians. These factors were seen strong the United States’ case rather than in the Canadian case.

Both the cases had a similar opinion in which a number of factors were seen to be necessary leading to the formation of national social movements which were headed by the Indians in order to protest in accordance to their political power struggles and also the fight of their civil rights in the two states.  The factors which were common between the two cases were; developing political challenges which would make them purposeful to the implementation of a number of tactics which would help in their protests.

Between the years of 1970 and 1980. An issue arose, taking much attention from the international countries in which the issue was about the rights which were not given to the Indian people and also the struggle of the power of Indians in the Canadian case. The government of Canada discriminated the Indian rights and hence, in the year 1985, Bill C-13 was able to amend the Indian Act in order to do away with the cases of discrimination and also come up with Act in which it would be lined with the rights and freedom of the Canadian Charter

With the implementation of the Indian Act in 1985, the number of Indians was seen to increase from 1985 to 2007. This number increased due to the fact of reinstating Indians and the number of born Indians was high than the death. With the Bill C-31 implemented, it solved a number of the past cases of discrimination but also brought up some problems such as the case of the Indian population. Women were allowed to register for the First Nation’s membership. Indians were allowed to register as Status Indians but the Act no longer allowed women to follow their husband’s status but allowed status to be passed for the mothers to their children.

In the American case, there were a number of cases which were able to be reviewed, in accordance with the Indian Act, such cases included the famous Mahatma Gandhi case during the colonial struggles. He was seen to be an active activist who was able to fight for the right of Indians proclaiming that all the humans were equal in the serving of the country. Other cases reviewed were also the struggle of the American civil rights in India and also the anti-Nazi struggles and lastly, the uprising of Indian civilians in the Latin America. These cases were seen to be effective since they would apply the methods of having non-violent actions and protests. These actions would act in an unexpected way and also go against the expectation of the authorities towards the Indians.

A deferential aspect was observed in North America where a number of Indian women, in other words, the Aboriginal women, raised complains in which they claimed to have been harassed and face abuses from their authorities who were the Americans, explaining the facts of discrimination and sufferings. This was well explained and elaborated in the year 1990 when the Aboriginal Justice Inquiry of Manitoba speculated that a number of Indian women faced torture and sufferings which were against the human rights. A research conducted by the Canadian Royal Commission in the year 1996, found that a number of constant challenges faced by the Indian people, who were the women at most, lead to the weakness of the Indian community and also led to the unexpected behaviors and also individual alienation leading to a number of destructions.

There were a number of effects which were brought about by the neoliberal capitalism. Some of the effects affected mostly the formation of races and also the several struggles which were experienced by the Indians. Some of the prominent activists such as Mahatma Gandhi fought for the end of the racial cases which had been experienced all over the two countries.  Therefore, the struggle of gaining the attention of the authorities succeeded and this happened during the neoliberal capitalism.

   In conclusion, the Indian Act amended in 1985 and also the neoliberal capitalism brought about changes which were seen in both the American and Canadian cases in concerns to the Indians such as on the racial formation, a number of Americans would be allowed to intermarry with Indian women, therefore ending the racism status. Some of the changes included migration of Indians to urban places and also the increase of the Indian population. A number of activists were seen to fight for the human and civil rights of the Indians in their struggle for political empowerment.